Slide 1: Web2 meets the Enterprise Nick Kings nick.kings@bt.com BT Group
Slide 2: Topics • • • • A brief introduction to the Semantic Web An overview of knowledge communities Web 2.0 Research Prototypes – SemanticWiki - Semantic extensions to wiki technology – Squidz - Knowledge sharing on the Semantic Web • Future trends © 2006 British Telecommunications plc
Slide 3: Scruffies and Tidies Top-down Bottom-up © 2006 British Telecommunications plc
Slide 4: Semantic Web • Today’s web – Machine-to-human – emphasis on presentation • Semantic web vision – “an extension of the current web in which information is given well-defined meaning” (Tim Berners-Lee) – making web-based information machine-processable – <bold>use bold font</> → <product-code>1234-6/A</> – also rules (reasoning; business logic; conflict detection) © 2006 British Telecommunications plc
Slide 5: What is the Semantic Web? • HTML – Simple web pages – mixes content and format • Progression from HTML -> XML – XML allows content to be separated from presentation • XML -> RDF – RDF = Resource Description Framework – Known vocabularies and meanings – RSS early use of RDF • RDF -> OWL – A dialect of RDF, but with particular defined meanings – A Web based Ontology language © 2006 British Telecommunications plc
Slide 6: An RSS example © 2006 British Telecommunications plc
Slide 7: Where we are going with the Semantic Web? author-of © 2006 British Telecommunications plc
Slide 8: Ontologies & Taxonomies Taxonomy is a classification system where each node has only one parent – simple ontology Living Beings Animals Plants Vertebrates © 2006 British Telecommunications plc Invertebrates
Slide 9: Ontology of People and their Roles Employee Contractor Manager Expert advises Analyst Programme Mgr funds Project Mgr Typically, we want a richer ontology with more relationships between concepts. © 2006 British Telecommunications plc
Slide 10: Ontology modelling Thing sells to employee size Number companies operates in industries non E.U. companies public companies private companies E.U. companies manufacturing industries service industries companies on New York Stock Exchange companies on London Stock Exchange © 2006 British Telecommunications plc
Slide 11: Mapping to the knowledge base © 2006 British Telecommunications plc
Slide 12: Precision in Semantic Web Search • Semantic Search could match – a query: Documents concerning a telecom company in Europe, John Smith as a director, and a date in the first half of 2002. – With a document containing: “At its meeting on the 10th of May, the board of Vodafone appointed John Smith as CTO“ • Traditional search engines cannot do the required reasoning: Vodafone is a mobile operator, which is a kind of telecom company; Vodafone is in the UK, which is a part of Europe; CTO is a type of director; 5th of May is a "date in first half of 2002” © 2006 British Telecommunications plc
Slide 13: Semantic Search © 2006 British Telecommunications plc
Slide 14: Semantic Search: Entity Results © 2006 British Telecommunications plc
Slide 15: Semantic Search: Entity Results © 2006 British Telecommunications plc
Slide 16: The Semantic Web Is Dead “the grand vision of 'A Semantic Web' will not be achieved, mostly because users cannot be expected to annotate media with complex labels … but can only be expected to use simple tags” © 2006 British Telecommunications plc Mor Naaman Yahoo! Research Berkeley Panellist WWW2007, Banff
Slide 17: Knowledge Communities • People work and live in teams – Community of interest – Community of practise • Community knowledge – Shared history – Reputation – Best practises • Knowledge sharing requires a dialogue to be supported – Two way!!!!!!!! – Feedback – I know you © 2006 British Telecommunications plc
Slide 18: Knowledge Use DONATE Alert Share COLLATE Awareness Lessons learnt Search Filter Apply Summarise CREATE Integrate Visualise RELATE © 2006 British Telecommunications plc
Slide 19: Putting information into context Personal space on the computer Self Family and Friends Trusted circle of contacts (2-50 people) Colleagues and Neighbours Moderately trusted people, you may expect to meet again (50-5,000 people) Citizens and Markets Participants in marketplace. Some little shared knowledge. (5,000 or more people) • Information is produced and used in a context – What am I trying to do? – Why was this information produced? – Who produced it? – How reliable is the information? – How must does it “cost” me to find, use or share information? • Meta-data is used to capture context © 2006 British Telecommunications plc
Slide 20: Problems with sharing? • I tell you about a web page because… – – – – I know you are interested in this page I want you to know what I am interested in, but… This is a new area that we might both like to know about I just happen to be thinking about you (Ping!) • Public goods – Shared access to a shared resource – Game theory – why should I contribute something I already know? AND no-one actually wants to know about it – Lurkers • Your PC is not a library, but an office and a workbench – Files, documents and emails: • belonging to old and current projects • Information is of more or less use © 2006 British Telecommunications plc
Slide 21: Problems with sharing? • Search and browsing is a learning process – User behaviour (search patterns) change based upon user needs/history and current information found – Just sharing a page possibly looses a learning opportunity – Experts tend to have topic specific starting points • A user cannot predict how a page would be useful in the future – Just because a page/document is visited does not mean a page is actually useful – I was lost • Experts are NOT very good at finding new information – Fixed search strategies – Newbies are far better © 2006 British Telecommunications plc
Slide 22: Knowledge Management • Don’t forget the social side • How to answer the problem “this is useful to me”? • Make the tools “intrinsically fun” • People come to do “work” … not “knowledge sharing” • How does this help me? • Have you had more interesting conversations? © 2006 British Telecommunications plc
Slide 23: Obligatory Dilbert © 2006 British Telecommunications plc
Slide 24: What is Web2.0? © 2006 British Telecommunications plc
Slide 25: Semantic WIKI WIKI Blogs Digg Delicious Flickr 43things Stumbleupon Social Software Recommendation Folksonomy Tagging Collaboration Usability Open Source Participation Web 2.0 Mashups Simplicity Standardisation XML DHTML RSS Web API Google maps Google news © 2006 British Telecommunications plc Semantic Web Ontology OWL AJAX RDF FOAF
Slide 26: Wikis are just for factual information? © 2006 British Telecommunications plc
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Slide 29: Wikis can be about anything… © 2006 British Telecommunications plc
Slide 30: Web 2.0 • Built upon four important themes: – – – – Community provided content Folksonomies or tagging Web accessible APIs Thick clients (DHTML) • Social networks accelerate use of applications – Friends of friends – Crucially requires the publication of meta-data – But, allows people to contribute small pieces to a larger picture • Little risk if incorrect information is produced © 2006 British Telecommunications plc
Slide 31: Pulling the approaches together… Web3.0? • Web 2.0 – Low risk – Community generated • Semantic Web – Formal – Expensive • Web3.0 = ? © 2006 British Telecommunications plc
Slide 32: Research Prototypes – SemanticWiki © 2006 British Telecommunications plc
Slide 33: SemanticWiki: Wikipedia today Brač is a Croatian island by the Adriatic Sea. The island has a population of 13,000, living in numerous little towns, ranging from the 'main town' Supetar, with more than 2,500 inhabitants, to Novo Selo, where only a dozen people live. Today, Brač lives mostly on tourism, but fishing and agriculture (especially wine and olives) are very important too, as is selling its precious, white stone (which was used in building Diocletian's Palace in Split, and is built into the White House in Washington, DC, too). Category: Croatian Island © 2006 British Telecommunications plc
Slide 34: SemanticWiki: Typed links • Extend Wikipedia with typed links • So the computer understands it Brač is a [[Croatia|Croatian| [[Croatia| located in]] island located in Croatian]] island located the [[Adriatic Sea||located in the [[Adriatic Sea]]. by]]. © 2006 British Telecommunications plc
Slide 35: SemanticWiki: Extending Wikipedia Basically, just two changes: • Extend Link Syntax. Allow for [[Frankfurt (Main)|Frankfurt|located in]] • Export articles as RDF: http://en.wikipedia.org/rdf/Wikimania <rdf:RDF> <rdf:description about="&en;Wikimania"> <en:located_in rdf:resource="&en;Frankfurt_(Main)" /> </rdf:description> … © 2006 British Telecommunications plc
Slide 36: SemanticWiki: Answering Questions • Beyond keywords • Allows for questions like … … all presidents younger than 50 … popes born outside of Italy … three biggest cities in all African countries … movies from the 70s starring Sean Connery … philosophical notions introduced by Russell • Reasoning – Is Brač in Europe? © 2006 British Telecommunications plc
Slide 37: SemanticWiki: Enhanced Maintenance • • • • • Does every country have one capital? Is there a person with more than one mother? Is every person born before dying? Does the population density fit to population and size? Do the year article’s births fit with the person article’s births? • Visit http://ontoworld.org/wiki/Main_Page for more details © 2006 British Telecommunications plc
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Slide 41: Research Prototypes - Squidz © 2006 British Telecommunications plc
Slide 42: Semantic Knowledge Sharing • Capture and combine both the social and technical context – Reduce cost of sharing information – Reduce cost of understanding information A user, while browsing, can share and annotate pages (or add to existing annotations) – Technical context (formal classification, user tags, comments) – Social context (who to share with and why) Other users made aware if currently browsed page has been shared to them – Driven by case study requirement – Can modify context by adding further annotations – Discover related shared content • • © 2006 British Telecommunications plc
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Slide 47: Future Trends: Semantic Web Applications • Next Generation Knowledge Management – Automatic or semi-automatic generation of ontologies and metadata from documents – http://www.sekt-project.com/ • Enterprise information integration – Ontology as glue for multiple different data schemas • Semantic Service Oriented Architecture – Semantic Web Services – Describing services semantically makes it easier to discover and (semi-)automatic composition of new services – http://dip.semanticweb.org/ • Semantic GRID – Automatic composition of Virtual Organisations – http://www.ontogrid.eu and http://www.BEinGRID.eu © 2006 British Telecommunications plc
Slide 48: Future Trends: End-user Experience - The Knowledge Workspace • Beyond documents – tasks, processes • Beyond multiple ‘point’ applications (email, browser, IM, word, …) • Context modelling for – Bring these together in an integrated, context-sensitive environment – Content delivery • Context relevant, non-intrusive – Collaboration • Dynamic location and communication with context relevant colleagues – Is Fred available? – Is he relevant to my current context? – Controlling context switching – Learning • Dynamic and on-demand “learning” © 2006 British Telecommunications plc
Slide 49: Topics • • • • A brief introduction to the Semantic Web An overview of knowledge communities Web 2.0 Research Prototypes – SemanticWiki - Semantic extensions to wiki technology – Squidz - Knowledge sharing on the Semantic Web • Future trends © 2006 British Telecommunications plc
Slide 50: Scruffies and Tidies Which one are you? © 2006 British Telecommunications plc
Slide 51: Review • Web 2.0 – Uses the enthusiasm of a committed community • Semantic Web – Use the enthusiasm of a committed computer • Web3.0 – Uses both © 2006 British Telecommunications plc
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