Slide 1: The Automobile Where it’s been… And Where its going… By Adrian Basharain
Slide 2: My Questions… • How does an automobile work? • How has the automobile progressed over the years? • What are some automotive innovations?
Slide 3: What's in Store... • A Brief summary of the invention of the Automobile • How an automobile works • Automotive innovations • Where the Automobile is today
Slide 4: The Beginning • Karl Benz was the first to use a gasoline Otto engine for automobiles in the late 1800’s. • Automobiles like this were made one at a time and were expensive. Yikes that’s Pricey! $$$$$ Karl Benz’s Velo
Slide 5: The Beginning • In 1902 Ransom Eli Olds began producing automobiles on a production line. • Later in the 1910’s Henry Ford perfected the assembly line technique.
Slide 6: How an Automobile Works • Turns Chemical Potential Energy into Mechanical Work • Modern engines have many components • Most modern cars and light trucks use a four-stroke sparkignition engine
Slide 7: How an Automobile Works -Four Stroke SI Engine- • First Stroke: Intake: Air and Fuel Mixture enter the cylinder.
Slide 8: How an Automobile Works -Four Stroke SI Engine- • Second Stroke: Compression: Compresses Air and Fuel Mixture in preparation for Combustion (Combustion also takes place during this stroke).
Slide 9: How an Automobile Works -Four Stroke SI Engine- • Third Stroke: Power: Pressure from Combustion pushes the piston downwards creating an output force on the crankshaft to create mechanical work.
Slide 10: How an Automobile Works -Four Stroke SI Engine- • Fourth Stroke: Exhaust: After Combustion, exhaust gas is pushed out of the cylinder to prepare for the next cycle.
Slide 11: Automotive Innovations Catalytic Converter Supercharger Nos Kit
Slide 12: Automotive Innovations… • Do 1 of 2 things… 1. Make your car faster… OR 2. Make your car more efficient...
Slide 13: Automotive Innovations • Part 1: The faster part • Early automobiles (Like Fords Model T) had about 20 hp…capable of reaching speeds as high as… 45 Mph!!! Whoah! Slow Down Speedy!!!
Slide 14: Automotive Innovations • Obviously…people needed to go faster… •There are several ways to make a car go faster, but two best ways are: 1. Air and fuel Induction 1. Get a bigger engine
Slide 15: Automotive Innovations Air and Fuel Induction Air and fuel enter here •Increases speed and power by forcing more air (oxygen) at higher pressure into the chamber to allow for greater combustion efficiency and greater work output. Combustion occurs here
Slide 16: Automotive Innovations Air and Fuel Induction Supercharger: Type of compressor which increases pressure of intake air and is driven off of the vehicles crankshaft CAR…GO…FAST…
Slide 17: Automotive Innovations •Engines can range anywhere from 4cylinder to 12cylinder designs, as well as vary in the arrangement of the cylinders. Bigger Engines •Most Common arrangements are: In-line, V, and Flat
Slide 18: Automotive Innovations Bigger Engines •The more cylinders an engine block has, the greater amount of hp it can generate, and the faster the car can go! Sexy Time!!!
Slide 19: Automotive Innovations • Part 2: The efficient part • Early automobiles were not very good on gas (think “Hummer”) and emitted hazardous amounts of CO2 and NO2, so it has been a constant battle to increase fuel efficiency and reduce emissions.
Slide 20: Automotive Innovations • Over the years, better engine design such implementation of computers and fuel injection have led to fuel efficiency as high as 35 mpg for regular combustion engines, and as high as 60 mpg for some hybrid vehicles Efficiency
Slide 21: Automotive Innovations •The introduction of catalytic converters has helped to reduce the amount of harmful emissions by breaking down compounds such as NO and CO before they are expelled. Efficiency
Slide 22: The Automobile Today •The automobile today is one that incorporates all of the innovations and advancements that are available •Some (hybrids) even use a dualfuel engine, which is the greatest achievement in automotive research thus far
Slide 23: Summary • First Automobiles invented in late 1800’s • Mass production of the automobile by the early 1900’s • Innovations over the years such as superchargers and catalytic converters have improved speed and efficiency • The automobile today is in a transitional stage moving from fossil fuel to alternative fuel
Slide 24: An Adrian Basharain Production